The First Essay Example for Free

The First Essay In the first part of this lab, E. coli cells were transformed with an R-plasmid carrying a tetracycline resistant gene, giving rise to tetracycline resistant E. coli strain. This was accomplished through transformation, which allowed E. coli to directly uptake the naked DNA molecule carrying the antibiotic resistant gene (1). However, in order to take up the DNA and incorporate them into their genome via recombination, cells must be competent (1). Therefore, E. coli cells which are not competent under normal conditions were treated with cold and high concentration of CaCl2, in order to make them artificially competent (1). The transformants were grown on the LB with the tetracycline antibiotic, and on the LB without the tetracycline. Then the viable competent cells and the viable cells were counted to calculate the frequency of transformation. In the second part of the lab, lateral gene transfer by generalized transduction was done on E. coli cells. In the process of transduction, the transfer of genes is facilitated by bacteriophage, which is a virus that infects a bacterial host (1). Generalized transduction involves lytic infections that kill the bacterial cells, and during the process, bacterial DNA is packaged into a new phage head which in turn injects the DNA into another bacterium (1). In this lab, P1vir phage was used and grown on the donor strain by making a phage lysate. P1vir phage kills bacterial cells by lytic infections, which is required in the generalized transduction (1). On the other hand, the wild-type p1 is a lysogenic phage and therefore could not be used for the generalized transduction (1). In order to prevent excessive killing of the recipient E. oli strain, the P1vir lysate was tittered by serial dilutions. This would also prevent infection and lysis of the transducing particle. In generalized transduction, trp-pyrF region of CSH61 chromosome, which was the P1vir lysate, was laterally transferred to the recipient CSH54 strain. The genotypes of transductants were tested by patching them onto a Petrie plate lacking tryptophan and uracil, whi ch will allow growth of trp+, pyrF+, and not the trp+,pyrF- transductants. Trp gene encodes for trypsin, while the pyrF gene encodes for pyramidines, such as uracil. Thi, his, and pro genes encode for thiamine, histidine, and proline respeictively (1). Finally, the frequency of transductant was used to obtain the distance between the trp and pyrF gene. Discussion In the transformation experiment, E. coli cells were transformed with Plasmid DNA containing the tetracycline resistant gene, and were tested for competency by growing them in LB in presence of tetracycline antibiotic. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that works by inhibiting translation, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. It attaches to the 30S subunit of ribosome and prevents the charged aminoacyl-tRNA from binding (3). As shown on Table 1, Tube 3 and Tube 2 did not have any growth of E. coli cells. Tube 2 contained E. coli cells only, and when cultured on the LB plate in presence of tetracycline antibiotic, the growth was inhibited by the antibiotic. Because the E. coli cells in tube 2 lacked the tetracycline resistant gene contained in the plasmid DNA, it was unable to grow in the presence of tetracycline antibiotic. Tube 3, lacked the E. coli cells and so, there were no cells to grow in the LB plate with or without the tetracycline. Tube 3 instead was used as a control, to test for contamination in the plasmid DNA and the calcium chloride. In tube 1, which contained the E. coli cells and the plasmid DNA containing the tetracycline resistant gene, transformation occurred. As a result, E. coli cells have acquired the tetracycline resistant gene, being able to grow on the LB plate in the presence of the tetracycline antibiotic. Therefore the viable competent cells were counted from tube 1 contents in 102 diluted LB (with antibiotic), which had cells between 30 and 300 colonies. On the other hand, the total viable cells were counted from tube 1 in 106 diluted plate that was grown on LB without the antibiotic. As shown on table. 2, the viable competent cells were calculated to be 24350 cells/100ul and the total viable cells were found to be 370,500,000 cells/100ul. Finally, the transformation frequency, which is the ratio of transformants per viable cell, was calculated and was found to be 6. 49 x 10-05 as shown on table 2. In the generalized transduction experiment, trp gene from the donor strain of CSH61 (P1vir lysate) was laterally transferred to the recipient strain, CSH54. CSH61 strain are trp+, pyrF+ and the CSH54 strain are trp-, pyrF-, and because trp and pyrF are linked together on the same chromosomal fragment, they are cotransduced (1). The transductants were identified by selecting for the trp+ marker by growing in absence of tryptophan, however the pyrF marker may be present or absent, depending on the crossover event during recombination. This was identified by patching the transductants onto a Petrie plate lacking tryptophan and uracil. The trp+, pyrF+ transductants will be able to synthesize both tryptophan and uracil, and therefore will grow in this minimal medium (1). However, trp+, pyrF- transductants cannot grow in the medium, because they won’t be able to synthesize uracil (1). As shown on table 3, 57. 5% of transductants were trp+, pyrF+ while 42. 5% were trp+, pyrF-. This means trp is cotransduced with pyrF at 57. 5% frequency, which indicates that they are very closely linked. Markers which are separated by less than 0. 5 minutes are cotransduced at 35-95%, and so, trp which cotransduced with pyrF at 57. 5%, is very closely linked (1). This closely matches the actual cotransduction frequency of 55% between trp and pyrF in E. oli (2). According to the Wu formula, the cotransduction frequency of 57. 5% yielded distance of 0. 084 minutes, which was very close to the distance of 0. 09 minutes at cotransduction frequency of 55% found in literature (2). Bacterial genes can also be analyzed by a method known as Southern blotting (4). In this method, DNA is treated with restriction enzymes, which cuts the DNA into fragments of different size. Then the fragments are run on an agarose gel by electrophoresis, which separates the fragments by size.

America Censored: A Battle of Rights Essays -- Censorship Censoring Me

America Censored: A Battle of Rights Welcome to the United States of America. This is the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave. A place where our forefathers once gathered and drew up the foundation for which we live our lives. The Constitution of the United States grants us a certain amount of freedoms for which we cannot be punished for. The first amendment to this constitution of the Constitution allows us the freedom of speech, religion, the right to assemble, and to express ourselves in a way in which we feel fit. Under this amendment, people such as musicians and newsmen and able to write and speak what they feel without being told that it is wrong. They cannot be manipulated to change their thoughts or views on a topic, or can they? Even though the first amendment protects freedom of speech and press people everyday fight not to be censored because they write and speak what they feel. When people are censored for speaking their mind, it shows that the first amendment is nothing more than a falsehood that pr otects some but not all. Letà ­s start this off at the very beginning. What is Censorship? According to The American Heritage College Dictionary to censor is, "To examine in order to suppress or delete anything considered objectionable" (American Heritage College Dictionary 226). So basically it is when a select group of people go through books, movies, and music, and ask that anything that might be seen as offensive to a group of people or anyone in general be removed from the publication. Right away you can see how by doing this a personà ­s first amendment is being violated. If, as Americans, we are granted the freedom of speech and expression then having something you write or say censored directly violates th... ... day they die. Why donà ­t we let them use it and everyone just worry about themselves. If you donà ­t like something then stay away from it. Ità ­s as simple as that. If it wasnà ­t for the first amendment people like Tipper Gore wouldnà ­t even have the freedom to speak her mind of what she was against. I think people need to step back from trying to act as god and control their lives. The freedom of speech and expression is one of the greatest things that we, as a country, have. How many countries out there can you get arrested for speaking out in public on an issue. The first amendment is such a great thing but it needs to hold true for all. If something is censored it is as if the government is playing favorites and if that holds true then we are not a free country at all. For everyone out there who is against censorship I have just one more thing to say to all of you...

Concept of Demolition Man Essay

* The Hollywood film represents the danger of globalization and cultural and environmental homogeneity, standardization and sanitation. * Friedman argues that because globalization is creating a single marketplace, it is homogenizing consumption and culture and can run the risk of wiping out ecological and cultural diversity throughout the world. In the Cold War system, cultures didn’t interact as frequently or directly as they do today, where they are often offered up for global competition and comparison against one another. Diversity in Globalization * Friedman argues that because globalization is often associated with Americanization, countries need to develop strong cultural and environmental filters so they can interact with but not be overwhelmed and swallowed by the herd. He suggests the most important filter is the ability to â€Å"glocalize,† meaning a culture’s ability to absorb natural influences into their culture yet reject those that are alien—to assimilate aspects of globalization into your culture in a way that adds diversity without overwhelming. * Globalization will be sustainable as long as we manage these filters in a way that protects our culture while simultaneously getting the best out of others’ cultures. Methods for Greening Globalization * Mobilize the environmental entrepreneurs– term coined by Keith Algers for an organization meant to stop the logging activities in the rainforest in Brazil while formulating a plan to avoid unemployment among these loggers. Looking at the bigger picture, it implies finding solution to the growing problems of compromise in the industrialized society that environmental protection and economic development can coexist together. * Environmentally Sound Production Methods – Corporations and shareholders should be pressured by the government to adapt new environmental policies. The government hitting companies over the head with both new regulations and new tax incentives to be green, and with SFC telling companies they have to start accurately portraying their environmental liabilities to shareholders—such as where they are being sued for dumping and what the cleaning up cost—there has been a paradigm shift. * Learning how to use globalization itself. Where globalization is an asset is in the fact that it is creating â€Å"Super-empowered environmentalist†, who are acting on their own, can now fight back rather effectively against both the Electronic Herd and governments. Thanks to the Internet, environmentalists in one country are quickly relaying how a multinational behaves in their country to environmentalists in other countries. Preventing cultural homogeneity * GlocalizationHhlksal;kl;ksdsl;adkls;adkals;d—the ability of a culture, when it encounters another strong cultures, to absorb influences that naturally fit into and can enrich that culture, to resist those things that are alien and to compartmentalize those things that, while different, can nevertheless be enjoyed and celebrated as different. * Unhelathy Glocalization—when you absorb something that isn’t part of your culture, doesn’t connect with anything latent in your culture, but you have so lost touch with your culture, you think it does. * Glocalism alone is not sufficient to protect indigenous cultures from globalization. Some hard filters are also needed. To begin with you need zoning laws, protected area laws and educational programs to preserve unique regions and a cultural heritage from insidious homogenous development.

A History of Napoleons Continental System

During the Napoleonic Wars, the Continental System was an attempt by French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte to cripple Britain. By creating a blockade, he had planned to destroy their trade, economy, and democracy. Because British and allied navies had impeded trade ships from exporting to France, the Continental System was also an attempt to reshape the French export market and economy. Creation of the Continental System Two decrees, that of Berlin in November 1806 and Milan in December 1807 ordered all allies of France, as well as all countries who wanted to be considered neutral, to cease trade with the British. The name ‘Continental Blockade’ derives from the ambition to cut Britain off from the entire continent of mainland Europe. Britain countered with the Orders in Council which helped cause the War of 1812 with the USA. After these declarations both Britain and France were blockading each other (or trying to.) The System and Britain Napoleon believed Britain was on the verge of collapse and thought damaged trade (a third of British exports went to Europe), which would drain Britain’s bullion, cause inflation, cripple the economy and cause both a political collapse and a revolution, or at least stop British subsidies to Napoleon’s enemies. But for this to work the Continental System needed to be applied for a long time over the continent, and the fluctuating wars meant it was only truly effective in mid 1807-08, and mid 1810-12; in the gaps, British goods flooded out. South America was also opened to Britain as the latter helped Spain and Portugal, and Britain’s exports stayed competitive. Even so, in 1810-12 Britain suffered a depression, but the strain didn’t affect the war effort. Napoleon chose to ease gluts in French production by licensing limited sales to Britain; ironically, this sent grain to Britain during their worst harvest of the wars. In short, the system failed to break Britain. However, it did break something else... The System and the Continent Napoleon also meant his ‘Continental System’ to benefit France, by limiting where countries could export and import to, turning France into a rich production hub and making the rest of Europe economic vassals. This damaged some regions while boosting others. For instance, Italy’s silk manufacturing industry was almost destroyed, as all silk had to be sent to France for production. Most of the ports and their hinterlands suffered. More Harm than Good The Continental System represents one of Napoleon’s first great miscalculations. Economically, he damaged those areas of France and his allies which relied on trade with Britain for only a small increase in production in some areas of France. He also alienated swathes of conquered territory which suffered under his rules. Britain had the dominant navy and was more effective in blockading France than the French were in trying to cripple Britain. As time passed, Napoleon’s efforts to enforce the blockade bought more war, including an attempt to stop Portugal trading with Britain that led to a French invasion and the draining Peninsular War, and it was a factor in the disastrous French decision to attack Russia. It is possible that Britain would have been harmed by a Continental System that was properly and fully implemented, but as it was, it harmed Napoleon far more than it harmed his enemy.

Comparing and Contrasting NCUs Concept Paper Requirements...

Introduction The theoretical discipline of philosophy is broken down into five facets. (1) Logic, that details the rules of an argument, and distinguishing valid from invalid forms of argument; (2) Ethics, and its distinction between right and wrong, good or evil, moral or immoral; (3) Epistemology, which is the nature of knowledge, what it is, how we know, and what is the truth? (4) Aesthetic, that takes into account the nature of beauty and art; and (5) Metaphysics, reality and what we consider to be real, and does it exists? What does it mean to say that something exists or does not exist? How can we refer to something that does not exist? To satisfy the requirements of completing the discipline of philosophy and other disciplines at†¦show more content†¦Lastly, the concept paper should always provide a list of references, bibliographies, and annotated bibliography whenever possible. Different elements of the concept paper should be specific as per the Northcentral University’s requirements. The introduction section should not exceed two paragraphs; the researcher should provide a brief description of the research topic and use scholarly resources to support his or her ideas (Northcentral University, 2013). Still under the introduction, the researcher should provide the statement of the research problem; the researcher should use current not older than 5 years from time of publication scholarly resources to support his or her arguments (Northcentral University, 2013). The introduction section should also provide one paragraph description of the purpose of the study; the purpose statement provides the goal of the study. The purpose statement should also reflect the research questions, the research design, the participants and data sources used, and the geographic position of the study (Northcentral University, 2013). The introduction section should further highlight the research question. Qualitative research questions should match the purpose statement and be open-ended. Qualitative research questions should reflect the qualitative research design. On the other hand, quantitative research questions should be testable, specific, and be directly answerable based on

Prejudice and How It Is Demonstrated in Remember the Titans

Prejudice, as defined in psychology, involves holding a negative attitude towards the members of a group, based merely on their membership of that group. Any group can be the focus of prejudice. A person, who is prejudiced against a certain group, has a tendency to overlook the individual characteristics or behavior of members of the group to whom he/she is prejudiced, merely because they belong to that group. In the film ‘Remember the Titans’ (2000), prejudice is portrayed in several ways, but mainly focuses on the discrimination of the African-Americans. One form of prejudice, which if frequently revisited in the film, is racism. Racism occurs when prejudice and discrimination are directed at people who are members of a particular†¦show more content†¦Equality of status refers to the groups having equal status in the contact situation, as perceived by members of the group(s) making the comparison. Sustained contact occurs in the film during the six-week football training camp, that both the white and black team-members attended. Before leaving for the camp, Coach Boone splits the team into two groups- offense and defense. He then pairs up people in each group- a white person with a black person. He then tells them, â€Å"Get comfortable too, because the person that I have you sitting next to is the same one you’ll be rooming with for the duration of this camp.† He does this in hope of the team members getting to know each other for who they are, not by the colour of their skin. Mutual interdependence is demonstrated by Coach Boone teaching the team to be dependent on each other, rather than competing with each other. By pushing everyone to their limits at the camp, the only option they had was to rely on each other for support. One of the factors that successfully reduced the majority of prejudice within the team was superordinate goals. The goals set by Boone were made purposely unachievable by a single member. The only way for these goals to be achieved is the cooperation of the entire team. As he told the team, their game must be â€Å"a team effort in order to achieve perfection†Show MoreRelatedRemember The Titans Is An Inspirational Story Of Racial Struggle970 Words   |  4 PagesThe definition of sport is an athletic activity that involves physical action and usually with competition. The movie Remember the Titans is an inspirational story of racial struggle and obstacles for a high school football team and town. A stunning and remarkable plot that demonstrated how prejudice and racism can be overcome for the good of people. Football is America’s popular sport. It is a favorite sport to watch on TV and people love football because of its strategic concept of offense andRead MorePerson al, Social And Institutional Power1726 Words   |  7 Pages1. Define personal, social and institutional power. Give an example of each type of power that is displayed in the movie. a. Personal power is the degree of control an individual has over their own decisions. In Remember the Titans, an example of personal power was when the white boy made a decision to start a fight with Petey Jones (a black boy) because Petey was talking to his girlfriend and threw the first punch. b. Social power is expressed in the way different people relate to each other, orRead MoreRemember The Tians Is A Sports Movie Based On A True Story1239 Words   |  5 Pages‘Remember the Tians’ is a sports movie based on a true story. The movie is about racism and how the characters abandon prejudices between each other in order to win the game. The 1970s was the era for American African civil rights movements. In Virginia, located in the south-center of the United States, the population were still very conservative. There’s a high school football team called the â€Å"Titans† with only white players. Yet, the school followed the racial integration policy which acceptedRead MoreOrganizational Behavior - Remember the Titans2009 Words   |  9 PagesPART 1 Ââ€" SUMMARY OF THE SITUATION Remember the Titans is an exciting film about the Civil Rights movement in the U.S. It personifies the power of respect, care and desire to win prevailing over racial prejudice. It showcases how individuals from diversified color, background and culture rose from the occasion and became lifelong friends. The players, Gerry Bertier and Julius Campbell, and the coaches, Herman Boone and Bill Yoast, are truly inspiring figures in the film. Set in 1971 AlexandriaRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesto customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Hence it can be surmised that marketing is basically meeting unmet needs for target markets, identifying those unmet needs and planning how to meet them through products, services, and ideas. Communicating the value to them along with pricing which is affordable and profitable and also distributing the products so that customers have appropriate accessibility and have quick and easy deliveryRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesphase of the human experience, render it impervious to generalized pronouncements and difficult to conceptualize broadly. As the essays in this collection document in detail, paradox pervades the time span we call the twentieth century, no matter how it is temporally delineated. Never before in history, for example, had so many humans enjoyed such high standards of living, and never had so many been so impoverished or died of malnutrition and disease. If the period from the 1870s is included inRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCreating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint

Driverless Trucks Could Change Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Driverless Trucks Could Change Australia? Answer: Introduction This article is about one most exciting technological advances that could have been responsible for ripping or tearing the community apart. This article talks about the invention of automated or driverless trucks. This article was released on the month of May, 2016. Australia is a nation where around two hundred billion dollar is generated by the transport sector (NewsComAu, 2017). The economy is dependent on this sector. This article says that the economy and the community will be devastated if driverless trucks are introduced. TechCrunchs prediction says that automating trucks cannot make people jobless. The truck drivers will lose their jobs and this technology will also affect the roadsides businesses. The caf employees, attendants of petrol stations and other service stations that are dependent on the economy of roadside will lose their jobs. The rate of unemployed people in Australia will rise. The future generations will get affected very badly. This essay takes an ethical app roach to describe this advanced technological invention. It finds out whether this act is ethical in terms of four main theories of ethics (Arntzenius, 2014). The four theories are called Virtue Ethics, Deontology theory, Utilitarianism theory and also Contract Theory. Utilitarianism Theory The theory of Utilitarianism deals with utility. In this context utility does not mean usage. Here it stands for happiness or pleasure. This theory says that if any type of act or policy generates happiness or pleasure among a large number of people then that policy or act is absolutely ethical (Arntzenius, 2014). This act of introducing driverless or automated trucks is supposed to take away the jobs of all the truck drivers. It will also take away the jobs of the people who used to serve in the cafes, attendants of petrol stations and other service stations that are dependent on the economy of roadside. The rate of unemployed people in Australia will rise. The future generations will get affected very badly. This essay takes an ethical approach to describe this advanced technological invention. If so many people lose their jobs then there will be economical crisis because a major part of the economy is dependent on the transport sector or industry. The community or society of Austr alia will be torn apart (Vaughn, 2015). Technology cannot be without any fault. So this technology will not be totally safe. This will lead to a chaotic situation in the country. Automated trucks will not be able to take crucial decisions. Suppose a group of people are coming in front and there is a single person walking on the other side then it will be difficult for an automated system to react. Utilitarianism theory would prefer to give happiness to most of the people and sacrifice the life of the passengers. This is an ethical issue (Niebuhr, 2013). The introduction of driverless trucks will make people jobless and this will bring dissatisfaction among the people of the society. According to Utilitarianism an act is ethically correct if it gives happiness to most people (Crimmins, 2017). Therefore according to this theory this act is not ethical. Deontology Theory This theory of Deontology says that if a person carries out their duties properly then the act is ethical. This theory does not depend on the happiness of the people or any type of contract (Playford, Roberts Playford, 2015). Here duty and ethics are related (Chen Schonger, 2017). Automated trucks will have inbuilt programs and it is the duty of those programs to incorporate safety features in it. This will protect the pedestrians as well as the passengers. This theory says humans are ends in themselves (Lazar, 2017). Introducing driverless trucks will not value the presence of human beings as most of the people who used to drive trucks would lose their jobs. The level of unemployment will increase. According to this theory this act is not ethical. Virtue Theory This theory deals with the moral values of an individual. A human does right things based on their moral values (Van Hooft, 2014). Elon Musk of Tesla said that introducing this technology would improve the life of the people. The quality of life will improve (NewsComAu, 2017). That shows that the motive behind the invention of this type of technological advancement is not wrong. Their motive was to develop the society and decrease their work load. This theory does not focus on the consequences or obligations of the people. The intention is taken into account. Therefore it can be said that from the point of view of Virtue Ethics this act is completely ethical. Contract Theory This theory of Contract states that when a person has a contract or agreement then he or she tends to become ethical in nature. The presence of a contract promotes the sense of ethics among the people. This helps to develop a better society (Fried, 2015). The automated trucks will have algorithms that imitate ethical behaviours. Every vehicle developer signs a contract for the safety issue. The economy of Australia is highly dependent on the transport sector. TechCrunchs prediction says that automating trucks cannot make people jobless. Therefore this theory says that the contract present will take care of the ethical factor of a driverless truck. Hence according to the Contract Theory the introduction of automated or driverless trucks is ethical. Conclusion It can be concluded from this essay that this advanced technology of driverless trucks will cause devastation in the country. The truck drivers and all the related businesses will be affected badly. The unemployment level will increase. There will be chaos in the society. The caf employees, attendants of petrol stations and other service stations that are dependent on the economy of roadside will lose their jobs. The rate of unemployed people in Australia will rise. The future generations will get affected very badly. This essay gave an ethical approach in order to describe this advanced technological invention. It found out whether this act is ethical in terms of four main theories of ethics .The four theories are called Virtue Ethics, Deontology theory, Utilitarianism theory and also Contract Theory. According to Utilitarianism and Deontology theory this act is unethical and according to Virtue Ethics and Contract theory it is an ethical act. References Arntzenius, F. (2014). Utilitarianism, decision theory and eternity.Philosophical Perspectives,28(1), 31-58. Chen, D. L., Schonger, M. (2017). Social preferences or sacred values? theory and evidence of deontological motivations. Crimmins, J. E. (Ed.). (2017).The Bloomsbury encyclopedia of utilitarianism. Bloomsbury Publishing. Dewey, J. (2016).Ethics. Read Books Ltd. Fried, C. (2015).Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. Oxford University Press, USA. Lazar, S. (2017). Deontological Decision Theory and Agent-Centered Options.Ethics,127(3), 579-609. NewsComAu. (2017). The jobs killer is coming. Retrieved 4 September 2017, from https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/travel/the-jobs-killer-is-coming-how-driverless-trucks-could-change-australia/news-story/4f5b8a42b0452703d62e00f3e7644d7b Niebuhr, R. (2013).Moral man and immoral society: A study in ethics and politics. Westminster John Knox Press.